nearology
99fb7f0e82
- Created a new sitemap.xml file for better SEO. - Added a compressed version of the sitemap as sitemap.xml.gz. - Introduced extra.css for custom styles, including Persian font support (IRANSansX). - Defined font-face rules for regular and bold styles of IRANSansX. - Implemented various text styles and layout adjustments for better readability. - Enhanced Mermaid diagram styles to support Persian text rendering.
2621 lines
56 KiB
HTML
2621 lines
56 KiB
HTML
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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="fa" class="no-js">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
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<link rel="prev" href="../lesson3-6/">
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<link rel="next" href="../lesson3-8/">
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<link rel="icon" href="../assets/images/favicon.png">
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<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.1">
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<title>درسنامه ۳-۷: حلقهها در Bash (for و while) - کارگاه آزمایشگاه سیستم عامل</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/main.484c7ddc.min.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../stylesheets/extra.css">
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<script>__md_scope=new URL("..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
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</head>
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<body dir="rtl" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo">
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<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
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<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
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<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
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<div data-md-component="skip">
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<a href="#-bash-for-while" class="md-skip">
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پرش به محتویات
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</a>
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</div>
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<div data-md-component="announce">
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</div>
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<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
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<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="سرتیتر">
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<a href=".." title="کارگاه آزمایشگاه سیستم عامل" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="کارگاه آزمایشگاه سیستم عامل" data-md-component="logo">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg>
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</a>
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
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<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
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<div class="md-header__topic">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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کارگاه آزمایشگاه سیستم عامل
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</span>
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</div>
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<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۳-۷: حلقهها در Bash (for و while)
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<form class="md-header__option" data-md-component="palette">
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<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo" aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for="__palette_1" hidden>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4m0 10a6 6 0 0 1-6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo" aria-label="Switch to light mode" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to light mode" for="__palette_0" hidden>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 18c-.89 0-1.74-.2-2.5-.55C11.56 16.5 13 14.42 13 12s-1.44-4.5-3.5-5.45C10.26 6.2 11.11 6 12 6a6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg>
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</label>
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</form>
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<script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script>
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
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</label>
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<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
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<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
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<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
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<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
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<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="جستجو" placeholder="جستجو" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
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<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="جستجو">
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<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="بازنشانی" aria-label="بازنشانی" tabindex="-1">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg>
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</button>
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</nav>
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</form>
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<div class="md-search__output">
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<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" tabindex="0" data-md-scrollfix>
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<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
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<div class="md-search-result__meta">
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راهاندازی جستجو
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</div>
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<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</nav>
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</header>
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<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
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<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
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<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="هدایت" data-md-level="0">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
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<a href=".." title="کارگاه آزمایشگاه سیستم عامل" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="کارگاه آزمایشگاه سیستم عامل" data-md-component="logo">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg>
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</a>
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کارگاه آزمایشگاه سیستم عامل
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href=".." class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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صفحه اصلی
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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📚 لیست دروس
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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📚 لیست دروس
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_1" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1" id="__nav_2_1_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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سیستم عامل گنو/لینوکس
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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سیستم عامل گنو/لینوکس
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../linux-course/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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توضیح درس
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_1_2" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1_2" id="__nav_2_1_2_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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📚 فصل یک
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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📚 فصل یک
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../chapter1/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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📄 معرفی فصل
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_1_2_2" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1_2_2" id="__nav_2_1_2_2_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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📘 درسنامهها
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="4" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_2_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_2_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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📘 درسنامهها
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../lesson1/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۱: دستورات pwd و cd
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../lesson2/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۲: ساختار کلی دستورات در لینوکس
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../lesson3/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۳: دستور ls
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../lesson4/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۴: مدیریت تاریخچه و صفحهٔ ترمینال
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../lesson5/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۵: ساخت و حذف دایرکتوریها
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../lesson6/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۶: ساخت فایل و نمایش محتوا با touch و cat
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../lesson7/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۷: مدیریت فایلها با cp، mv و rm
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../lesson8/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۸: مستندات دستورات و یادگیری عمیق در لینوکس
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson9/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۹: مدیریت تاریخ و تقویم با date و cal
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson10/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۱۰: استاندارد استریمها در لینوکس
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</span>
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson11/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
درسنامه ۱۱: ساخت پایپلاین در خط فرمان لینوکس
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
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</li>
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|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_1_2_3" >
|
|
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|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1_2_3" id="__nav_2_1_2_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
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|
|
🧩 تمرینها
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|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
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|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="4" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_2_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_2_3">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
🧩 تمرینها
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۱: دیدن سخت
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise2/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۲: بازی بازی
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise3/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۳: دفترچه تیمی
|
|
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|
|
</span>
|
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|
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</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise4/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۴: بایگانی پروژه
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise5/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۵: شکار گزینهٔ درست
|
|
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|
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|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
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</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise6/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۶: تقویم تیم پشتیبان
|
|
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|
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|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
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</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise7/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۷: پایپلاین خطاگیر
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise8/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۸: یادداشتِ مریخی
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise9/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۹: مرکز پشتیبانی و cat
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise10/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۱۰: ادغامگرِ گزارشها
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_1_3" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1_3" id="__nav_2_1_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
📚 فصل دو
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_3">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
📚 فصل دو
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../chapter2/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
📄 معرفی فصل
|
|
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|
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|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_1_3_2" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1_3_2" id="__nav_2_1_3_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
📘 درسنامهها
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="4" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_3_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_3_2">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
📘 درسنامهها
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson2-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۲-۱: آشنایی با file و du
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson2-2/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۲-۲: ادیتورهای پیشفرض لینوکس (nano و vim)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson2-3/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۲-۳: دایرکتوریهای مهم و ساختار فایلبندی لینوکس
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson2-4/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۲-۴: مشاهدهٔ محتوا با more، less، head و tail
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson2-5/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۲-۵: برش متن با cut
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../lesson2-6/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۲-۶: مرتبسازی و شمارش با sort و wc
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../lesson2-7/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۲-۷: جستوجو در متن با grep
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../lesson2-8/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۲-۸: جستوجوی فایلها با find
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../lesson2-9/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۲-۹: وایلدکاردها (Wildcards) در شل
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../lesson2-10/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۲-۱۰: فشردهسازی و آرشیو فایلها
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson2-11/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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درسنامه ۲-۱۱: مقدمهای بر awk
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</span>
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</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_1_4" checked>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1_4" id="__nav_2_1_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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📚 فصل سه
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</span>
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|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_4">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
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|
|
📚 فصل سه
|
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</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../chapter3/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
|
📄 معرفی فصل
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_1_4_2" checked>
|
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|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1_4_2" id="__nav_2_1_4_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
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|
|
📘 درسنامهها
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|
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|
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|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="4" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_4_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_4_2">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
📘 درسنامهها
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson3-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۳-۱: چرا Bash و اسکریپت؟
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson3-2/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۳-۲: ساخت اولین اسکریپت Bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson3-3/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۳-۳: متغیرها در Bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson3-4/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۳-۴: گرفتن ورودی از کاربر و آرگومانها
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson3-5/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۳-۵: شرطها در Bash (if)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson3-6/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۳-۶: مجوز اجرا و اجرای اسکریپت
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۳-۷: حلقهها در Bash (for و while)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۳-۷: حلقهها در Bash (for و while)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="فهرست موضوعات">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
فهرست موضوعات
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#for" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
حلقه for روی یک لیست ساده
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#for_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
حلقه for روی اعداد
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#for_2" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
حلقه for روی فایلها
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#while" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
حلقه while — تا وقتی شرط برقرار است
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#while_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
حلقه while برای گرفتن ورودی تا شرط خاص
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
تمرین کوتاه
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson3-8/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۳-۸: ساخت منوی ساده با case و حلقه
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
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|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../lesson3-9/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
درسنامه ۳-۹: توابع در Bash و تمیزکردن اسکریپتها
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_1_4_3" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1_4_3" id="__nav_2_1_4_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
🧩 تمرینها
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="4" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_4_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_4_3">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
🧩 تمرینها
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise8/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۸: یادداشتِ مریخی
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise9/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۹: مرکز پشتیبانی و cat
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../exercise10/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
تمرین ۱۰: ادغامگرِ گزارشها
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
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</nav>
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حلقه for روی یک لیست ساده
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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حلقه for روی اعداد
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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حلقه for روی فایلها
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</span>
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</a>
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حلقه while — تا وقتی شرط برقرار است
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</span>
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</a>
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<a href="#while_1" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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حلقه while برای گرفتن ورودی تا شرط خاص
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</span>
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</a>
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تمرین کوتاه
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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<h1 id="-bash-for-while">درسنامه ۳-۷: حلقهها در Bash (for و while)</h1>
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<p>در این درس با حلقهها در Bash آشنا میشویم. حلقهها به شما کمک میکنند یک یا چند دستور را چندین بار تکرار کنید؛ مثلا نمایش چند پیام پشت سر هم، پردازش لیستی از فایلها یا شمارش.</p>
|
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<p>در Bash دو حلقهٔ پایه را یاد میگیریم:
|
|
- حلقهٔ <code>for</code>
|
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- حلقهٔ <code>while</code></p>
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<h2 id="for">حلقه for روی یک لیست ساده</h2>
|
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<p>ساختار کلی:</p>
|
|
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>ITEM<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span>لیست_مقادیر
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="k">do</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-3"><a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="w"> </span>دستورات
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-4"><a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="k">done</span>
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>مثال ساده:</p>
|
|
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="ch">#!/bin/bash</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-2"><a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-3"><a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>NAME<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span>Ali<span class="w"> </span>Sara<span class="w"> </span>John
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-4"><a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="k">do</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-5"><a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Hello </span><span class="nv">$NAME</span><span class="s2">!"</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-6"><a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="k">done</span>
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>خروجی:</p>
|
|
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>Hello<span class="w"> </span>Ali!
|
|
</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>Hello<span class="w"> </span>Sara!
|
|
</span><span id="__span-2-3"><a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>Hello<span class="w"> </span>John!
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="for_1">حلقه for روی اعداد</h2>
|
|
<p>میتوانیم از گسترش آکلاد استفاده کنیم:</p>
|
|
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="ch">#!/bin/bash</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-3-3"><a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>NUM<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">{</span><span class="m">1</span>..5<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-3-4"><a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="k">do</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-3-5"><a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Number: </span><span class="nv">$NUM</span><span class="s2">"</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-3-6"><a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="k">done</span>
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>خروجی:</p>
|
|
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-4-1"><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a>Number:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-4-2"><a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a>Number:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-4-3"><a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a>Number:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-4-4"><a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a>Number:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-4-5"><a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a>Number:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5</span>
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="for_2">حلقه for روی فایلها</h2>
|
|
<p>حلقههای <code>for</code> برای کار با مجموعهای از فایلها بسیار مفیدند:</p>
|
|
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="ch">#!/bin/bash</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-5-2"><a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-5-3"><a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>FILE<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span>*.txt
|
|
</span><span id="__span-5-4"><a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="k">do</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-5-5"><a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Processing file: </span><span class="nv">$FILE</span><span class="s2">"</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-5-6"><a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="k">done</span>
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>در این مثال، اسکریپت همهٔ فایلهای <code>*.txt</code> در دایرکتوری فعلی را لیست میکند و برای هرکدام یک پیام نمایش میدهد.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="while">حلقه while — تا وقتی شرط برقرار است</h2>
|
|
<p>حلقهٔ <code>while</code> یک بلوک کد را تا زمانی که شرط درست است تکرار میکند.</p>
|
|
<p>ساختار کلی:</p>
|
|
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-6-1"><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span>شرط<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-6-2"><a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="k">do</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-6-3"><a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w"> </span>دستورات
|
|
</span><span id="__span-6-4"><a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="k">done</span>
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>مثال شمارش:</p>
|
|
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-7-1"><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="ch">#!/bin/bash</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-7-2"><a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-7-3"><a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="nv">COUNT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-7-4"><a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-7-5"><a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$COUNT</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="w"> </span>-le<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-7-6"><a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="k">do</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-7-7"><a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Loop iteration: </span><span class="nv">$COUNT</span><span class="s2">"</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-7-8"><a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">COUNT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">$((</span><span class="nv">COUNT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="k">))</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-7-9"><a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="k">done</span>
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>خروجی:</p>
|
|
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-8-1"><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a>Loop<span class="w"> </span>iteration:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-8-2"><a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a>Loop<span class="w"> </span>iteration:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-8-3"><a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a>Loop<span class="w"> </span>iteration:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span>
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="while_1">حلقه while برای گرفتن ورودی تا شرط خاص</h2>
|
|
<p>یک الگوی رایج: از کاربر ورودی بگیریم تا زمانی که یک مقدار خاص (مثلا <code>exit</code>) وارد کند.</p>
|
|
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-9-1"><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="ch">#!/bin/bash</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-9-2"><a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-9-3"><a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-9-4"><a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="k">do</span>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-9-5"><a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">read</span><span class="w"> </span>-p<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Type a word (or 'exit' to quit): "</span><span class="w"> </span>WORD
|
|
</span><span id="__span-9-6"><a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a>
|
|
</span><span id="__span-9-7"><a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$WORD</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"exit"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span>
|
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</span><span id="__span-9-8"><a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Goodbye!"</span>
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</span><span id="__span-9-9"><a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
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</span><span id="__span-9-10"><a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fi</span>
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</span><span id="__span-9-11"><a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a>
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</span><span id="__span-9-12"><a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"You typed: </span><span class="nv">$WORD</span><span class="s2">"</span>
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</span><span id="__span-9-13"><a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="k">done</span>
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</span></code></pre></div>
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<p>در این مثال:
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- <code>while true</code> یعنی حلقه همیشه ادامه دارد، مگر اینکه با <code>break</code> از آن خارج شویم.
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- اگر کاربر <code>exit</code> بنویسد، پیام خداحافظی چاپ میشود و حلقه با <code>break</code> تمام میشود.</p>
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<h2 id="_1">تمرین کوتاه</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>اسکریپتی بنویسید که با استفاده از حلقهٔ <code>for</code> اعداد ۱ تا ۱۰ را چاپ کند.</li>
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<li>اسکریپتی بنویسید که با <code>while</code> از کاربر نام بگیرد و هر بار پیام <code>"Hello NAME!"</code> را چاپ کند تا وقتی که کاربر فقط Enter خالی بزند؛ در آن لحظه اسکریپت باید پایان یابد.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>در درس بعد، یاد میگیریم چگونه با استفاده از <code>case</code> و حلقهها، منوی متنی ساده بسازیم.</p>
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